Resurrecting the thread yet again!
This time I have a very, very rare turn-of-the-century Shotgun to show off!
This a Sjögren semi-automatic shotgun, in 12 gauge. These were designed by a Swedish fellow in the early 1900's, though he had the actual guns made in Denmark, specifically in Copenhagen. They were produced for 1 year, around 1908-1909 (some say they were ordered in 1907), with a few thousand (Some say 5000) being built in total. The actual numbers are not known, but have been extrapolated from existing serial numbers. Overall, it doesn't seem to have been all that successful, which is not surprising given attitudes of the day on Semi-automatic firearms, in addition to what this thing must have cost when new.
I've seen some talk of this being the first semi-automatic shotgun on the market, but I'm not convinced that's actually true. The Browning Auto-5 was allegedly on the market 7 years before this...but I'm really not sure. The Sjögren looks kind of fragile, but is quite well put together. It's delicate, but not flimsy. It's also much lighter and handier than you'd think!
Some basic specifications! This shot gun is chambered in 12 gauge, but in 2 1/2" shells (these were common at the time). It has a 4 round tubular magazine, a 27.5" smoothbore barrel, and a 3/4 or full choke. You have 2 safeties, on the slide and on the tang. This Sjögren has a very good bore with minor pits. Mine is in fulll working order.
Loading and using the Sjögren is a bit weird as well. To open the slide, you need to spin the knob on the back of it. This cocks the striker. Now the slide can be brought to the rear (it locks open on an empty magazine). You then put a shell in the chamber. Pressing a button on the bottom of the gun sends the slide forward (with considerable force. I now have a nice hole in my thumb from the time it got in the way), and it's now ready to fire. You then load 4 more shells into the tube magazine, like you would any other shotgun. A little quirk is that the last-round-hold-open is actually tripped every time the bolt travels to the rear, at which point a shell is released from the magazine, hitting a lever which releases the lifter and bolt.
The Sjögren is a fascinating firearm from a mechanical aspect. It uses an esoteric method of operation, called an "Inertia Recoil" system. It's somewhat difficult to describe! Despite having taken my Sjögren completely to pieces, I still only have a vague idea of how it actually works. Check the spoiler below if you want to hear the current theory. Oh, and not to worry. The slide on top looks scary, coming back at your face, but is actually mounted very securely. Ten or so parts would have break at the same time for it to fly off (and if they broke in any other order, it would lock everything up).
Disassembly was quite difficult. A friend and I sat down and took it to pieces one evening. Since there no manuals, we had to guess on a lot of steps. Turns out we did it WRONG the first time around, and spent the better part of 2 hours getting it back together, before tearing it down again the right way....which still takes about 10 minutes. Mine is very very dirty, and I can understand the previous owner's trepidation in taking it apart
The first thing to understand is that the Sjögren has an unusual bolt/breechblock/slide relationship. Under that slide, in the front, is the breechblock/bolt, and locking block. Behind these are the recoil block, firing pin, sear, and 2 springs (one of which is incredibly strong (but not actually drawn back by the user, so you'd never know it was even there). Covering all this is the actual slide. Assembled, the slide and components weigh around 1 1/2 pounds (!).
The bolt is locked with a tilting block, which interfaces with 2 locking recesses in the receiver. It's a rather strange system, as the whole thing is only sort of locked when the striker is cocked. When the firing pin flies forward to hit the primer, it does some...things...inside the bolt and locks the whole thing together. The recoil of the shell firing throws the whole gun back, with the bolt trying to go backward. This is retarded by the recoil block, which actually goes forward somewhat. After a certain, magic, point is reached, the recoil block is overcome, allowing the slide and bolt to come back (now that the chamber pressure is safe) to eject the spent shell and load a new one. I think. This is as best as I can tell and seems to line up with other information I've read.
I'm of the opinion that Carl Sjögren came up with this "Inertia Recoil" idea, and then designed a firearm around it. Having seen the intricate internal operation, this was not made as an answer to some need or contract; it strikes me as an Engineer and Inventors pet project. Why it was actually built in numbers probably had to do with the time period, as there was only a single other production semi-automatic shotgun on the market at the time. Nothing seems to be known about
Carl Sjögren, but I speculate he must have had some serious money (I've seen reference to a businessman named A. Karlsson, but can't find any other information about him) to get this into production, or some serious financial backers.
Which brings me to the construction of the gun. It is
unbelievably well made. The sheer craftsmanship is incredible! The receiver, for example, is machined from a single block of steel, and has very complicated shapes internally and externally (I looked it over in detail, as I'd assumed some of it was brazed or cast or the like, yet none is). The fit and finish on the parts is exquisite; my example has been heavily used (given how filthy the action is), but the internal parts show only the barest hint of mechanical wear. The exterior finish is worn, but the parts are still true. The machining and metalwork that it took to make this is pure insanity, and I cannot fathom what it must have cost just to make even a single gun.
I haven't had the chance to fire it yet, as I've got to make up some 2 1/2" shells (which you can't really buy anymore). Hopefully once I do, I won't blow my face off!
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